间脑Telencephalon.ppt
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标题: Telencephalon
副标题: 端 脑
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标题: External feature
正文: The telencephalon consists of right and left cerebral hemisphere, partially separated by cerebral longitudinal fissure 大脑纵裂. cerebral transverse fissure 大脑横裂.
three surfaces: Superolateral 上外侧面, medial 内侧面 Inferior 下面.
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标题:
Central sulcus 中央沟
Lateral sulcus外侧沟
Parietooccipital sulcus 顶枕沟
Three sulci
central sulcus 中央沟 lateral sulcus 外侧沟 parietooccipital sulcus顶枕沟
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Fronta lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
frontal lobe 额叶 parietal lobe 顶叶 temporal lobe 颞叶 occipital lobe 枕叶 insular lobe 岛叶
Insular lobe
Five lobes
(Gp:) preoccipital notch枕前切迹.
(Gp:) Frontal pole 额极
(Gp:) Temporal pole颞极
(Gp:) Occipital pole 枕极
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标题: Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface
Precentral gyrus 中央前回
(Gp:) Superior frontal sulcus 额上沟
(Gp:) Inferior frontal sulcus 额下沟
(Gp:) Superior,middle and inferioe frontal gyri 额上、中、下回
Postcentral gyrus 中央后回
Intraparietal sulcus 顶内沟
Superior parietal lobule 顶上小叶
Supramarginal gyrus缘上回
Angular gyrus 角回
(Gp:) Postcentral sulcus 中央后沟
(Gp:) Precentral sulcus 中央前沟
(Gp:) inferior parietal lobule 顶下小叶
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标题: Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface
Superior temporal sulcus 颞上沟
Inferior temporal sulcus 颞下沟
Superior temporal Gyrus 颞上回
Middle temporal gyrus 颞中回
Inferior temporal gyrus 颞下回
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Transverse temporal gyri
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标题: Medial surface
Corpus callosum 胼胝体
Callosal sulcus 胼胝体沟
(Gp:) cingulate gyrus 扣带回
Cingulate sulcus 扣带沟
Marginal ramus 边缘支
(Gp:) Paracentral lobule 中央旁小叶
Calcarine sulcus 距状沟
Cuneus 楔叶
(Gp:) Parahippocampal gyrus 海马旁回
(Gp:) Uncus 钩
(Gp:) Dentate gyrus 齿状回
(Gp:) Collateral sulcus 侧副沟
(Gp:) Lingual gyrus舌回
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标题: Inferior surface
Olfactory bulb 嗅球
Olfactory tract 嗅束
Olfactory trigone 嗅三角
Anterior perforated substance 前穿质
Occipitotemporal sulcus 枕颞沟
Medial and lateral occipitotemporal gyri 枕颞内、外侧回
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Hippocampus 海马
Dentate gyrus 齿状回
Hippocampal formation 海马结构
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标题: Histology of the cerebral cortex
正文: archicortex 原皮质 (hippocampal formation) paleocortex 旧皮质 (rhinencephalon ) neocortex 新皮质 (most of cerebral cortex):
3 cell layers
6 cell layers
1.分子层 molecular layer 2.外颗粒层 external granular layer 3.外锥体层 external pyrammidal layer 4.内颗粒层internal granular layer 5,节细胞层 ganglionic layer 6.多形细胞层polymorphic layer
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标题: 1. Primary motor area 第I 躯体运动区
正文: Located in precentral gyrus and anterior portion of paracentral lobule 中央前回和中央旁小叶前部
Functional location of the cerebral cortex
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正文: Characters (1) The body is represented in the motor area as inverted, but head and face are upright (2) send out fibers to controll the voluntary movements of contralateral limbs. (3) the size of cortical area representing parts of the body is determined by the functional importance of the part.
标题: 1. Primary motor area 第I 躯体运动区
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标题: 2. Primary somatic sensory area------ 第I 躯体感觉区
正文: Lies in postcentral gyrus and posterior portion of paracentral lobule 中央后回和中央旁小叶后部。
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Characters (1) The body is represented in the Sensory area as inverted, but head and face are upright (2) Receives sensations form the contralateral half of the body. (3) the size of cortical area for a parts of the body is determined by the functional importance of the part.
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标题: 3. Visual area 视区
正文: Lie on either side of calcarine sulcus 距状沟上下方皮质 in medial surface of occipital lobe
Visual area of one hemisphere receives optic impulse from temporal part of retina of same side and nasal part of opposite side.
接受来自同侧视网膜颞侧半,对侧视网膜鼻侧半的视觉冲动。
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标题: 4. Auditory area 听区
正文: Located in transverse gyri 颞横回 Receive auditory information from both ears
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正文: Vestibular area: located in front of superior temporal gyrus Olfactory area: located near the uncus Taste area: located at frontal operculum
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标题: Language area 语言中枢it is dominant in left hemisphere in right-handed person
Motor speech area 运动性语言中枢 (1) Located in posterior portion of inferior frontal gyrus 额下回后部 (Broca 区) (2) damage: motor aphasia 运动性失语
Writing area 书写中枢 (1) Located in posterior portion of middle frontal gyrus 额中回后部 (2) Damage: agraphia 失写症
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正文: Visual speech area 视觉性语言中枢 (1) Located in angular gyrus 角回 (2) Lesion: alexia 失读症
Auditory speech area 听觉性语言中枢 (1) Located in posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus (2) Lesion: sensory aphasia 感觉性失语
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标题: Ⅲ. Internal structures 1. lateral ventricle 侧脑室
正文: a) Central part 中央部: lies in parietal lobe b) Anterior horn 前角: extends into frontal lobe c) Posterior horn 后角 extend into occipital lobe d) Inferior horn下角: extend into temporal lobe
Position: located in cerebral hemispheres. Divided into 4 parts:
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标题: Ⅲ. Internal structures 1. lateral ventricle侧脑室
Communication → interventricular foramen (室间孔)→ third ventricle
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标题: 2.Basal nuclei: deep within base of cerebral hemisphere
正文:
Neostriatum 新纹状体
Corpus striatum 纹状体
Paleostriatum 旧纹状体
lentiform nucleus 豆状核
Claustrum 屏状核 Amygdaloid body 杏仁体
Caudate nucleus尾状核
globus pallidus 苍白球 putamen 壳
(Gp:) 杏仁体
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标题: 3.White matter -- cerebral medullary substance
正文: Cerebral arcuate fibers 弓状纤维 Superior longitudinal fasciculus上纵束 inferior longitudinal fasciculus 下纵束 Uncinate fasciculus 钩束 Cingulum 扣带
1. Association fibers 联络纤维
run between gyri within the same hemisphere
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正文: 2. Commissural fibers 连合纤维: run between left and right hemisphere (1). Corpus callosum 胼胝体: rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium (2). Anterior commissure前连合
White matter -- cerebral medullary substance
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Corpus callosum
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(3). Fornix 穹窿 and commissure of fornix 穹窿连合
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正文: 3. Projection fibers:投射纤维 connect cortex with lower part of brain and spinal cord and they include both ascending and descending fibers
White matter -- cerebral medullary
内囊
Position a thick lamina of white matter lying between caudate nucleus, thalamus and lentiform Nucleus.
★ Internal capsule
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Lentiform nucleus
Head of caudate nucleus
Dorsal thalamus
Division:
The internal capsule may be divided into 3 parts Anterior limb 前肢: Genu 膝: Posterior limb 后肢:
lie between the head of caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus
the junction of anterior and posterior limbs
lie between the thalamus and lentiform nucleus
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Lentiform nucleus
Head of caudate nucleus
Dorsal thalamus
Anterior limb 前肢
Anterior thalamic radiation 丘脑前辐射 Frontopontine tract 额桥束
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Genu of internal capsule 内囊膝 .
Containing: corticonuclear tract 皮质核束
Lentiform nucleus
Head of caudate nucleus
Dorsal thalamus
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Posterior limb of internal capsule 内囊后肢 .
May be divided into 3 parts thalamolentiform part丘脑豆状核部 sublentiform part 豆状核下部 retrolentiform part 豆状核后部
The fibers Passing through the thalamolentiform part include Corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束 Corticorubral tract 皮质红核束 Central thalamic radiations 丘脑中央辐射 Parietopontine tract
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Posterior limb of internal capsule 内囊后肢 .
sublentiform part 豆状核下部 Acoustic radiation 听辐射 temporopontine tract 颞桥束
retrolentiform part 豆状核后部 Optic radiation 视辐射 occipitopontine tract 枕桥束
Optic radiation
Acoustic radiation
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标题: Limbic system 边缘系统
正文: Composition
Limbic lobe 边缘 叶:include septal area 隔区, cingulate gyrus 扣带回, parahippocampal gyrus 海马旁回, hippocampus 海马, dentate gyrus齿状回, temporal pole 颞极, anterior part of insular lobe 岛叶前部 。
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标题: Limbic system 边缘系统
Associated subcortical nuclei 皮质下结构: amygdaloid body杏仁体, septal nuclei 隔核, hypothalamus 下丘脑, epithalamus 上丘脑, anterior nucleus group of thalamus 丘脑前核, tegmentum of midbrain 中脑被盖.
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标题: Limbic system 边缘系统
其他占位符: Function:
concerned with visceral activities, olfaction, emotion and memory, so this system is called ‘visceral brain’ 内脏脑
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Anterior thalamic radiation
Frontopontine tract
Lentiform nucleus
Corticorubral tracy
Parieto-occipito- temporo-pontine tract
auditory radiation
Optic radiation
Head of caudate nucleus
Corticonuclear tract
Corticospinal tract
Dorsal thalamus
Central thalamic radiation
Medial geniculate body
Lateral geniculate body
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