专注提供医学课件PPT幻灯片素材下载

网站使用问题请加Q1615251280及时解决,谢谢。

当前位置:首页 > 病理科 > 炎症(三).ppt

炎症(三).ppt

炎症(三).ppt
PPT课件名称:炎症(三).ppt 时 间:2023-01-05 i d:10050 大 小:7.11 MB 贡 献 者:sjk12300 格 式:.rar 点击下载
注意:ppt文件打包为rar压缩包格式,请用解压缩软件(例如WinRAR)打开,若无法正常下载使用请加客服QQ客服1615251280解决。
炎症(三).ppt

  1张

  Inflammation

  xx医学院病理学系 xxx

  炎 症(三)

  2010.10.09

  2张

  Major events in inflammation

  纤维素性炎

  浆液性炎

  化脓性炎

  出血性炎

  慢性炎症

  3张

  正文: Locus: mucous membrane, serosa, loose connective tissue, skin Manifestation: inflammatory edema, blister, cavity effusion, serous catarrh Sequel: absorption

  Morphologic types of inflammation

  Serous inflammation浆液性炎

  accumulation of excessive serous fluid (clear watery fluid) with variable protein content (plasma)

  4张

  a friction blister of the skin

  Serous inflammation

  5张

  serous effusion clear, pale yellow appearance of the fluid

  right pleural effusion in a baby

  Serous inflammation

  6张

  正文: Definition : The inflammation exudate contains plentiful fibrinogen, then forms fibrin . Cause: severe vascular injury—bacterial toxin,Hg, urea Locus: mucous membrane, serosa, lung Manifestation: Pseudo-membranous inflammation--dysentery, diphtheria rheumatic pericarditis---Hairy heart(绒毛心) lobar pneumonia

  Fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎

  Morphologic types of inflammation

  以纤维蛋白原渗出为主,继而形成纤维蛋白,即纤维素

  7张

  Diphtheria 白喉

  伪膜性炎 Pseudo-membranous inflammation

  Fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎

  纤维素性炎发生于粘膜时,渗出的纤维蛋白、坏死组织和中性粒细胞共同形成伪膜

  8张

  bacillary Dysentery 细菌性痢疾

  Fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎

  9张

  Fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎

  10张

  绒毛心

  Fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎

  Hairy heart Shaggy heart Cor villosum

  11张

  绒毛心

  Fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎

  Hairy heart

  12张

  fibrinous pericarditis纤维素性心包炎

  normal

  13张

  lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎

  Fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎

  14张

  Outcome Absorption: lobar pneumonia Organization and adherence -- pericarditis--armored heart(盔甲心) --Pulmonary Carnification(肺肉质变) Pseudo-membrane: detach—ulcer, bleeding trachea diphtheria—asphyxia

  Fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎

  15张

  心包腔闭锁 心包壁层和脏层发生纤维性粘连

  Fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎

  Pulmonary Carnification 肺肉质变

  16张

  Suppurative inflammation 化脓性炎

  Morphologic types of inflammation

  以中性粒细胞渗出为主,伴不同程度组织坏死和脓液形成

  The presence of large number of neutrophils and varying degrees of tissue necrosis and pus formation. Pus—purulent exudation Purulent cells—degenerated and necrotic neutrophils

  Causes: pyogenic bacteria

  superficial suppuration and Empyema(表面化脓和积脓) Phlegmonous inflammation(蜂窝织炎) Abscess (脓肿)

  17张

  正文: Superficial Suppuration Location: mucosal or serosa surface Features: Pus formation, Suppurative Catarrh Empyema a collection of pus in a hollow viscus, e. g. in the gall-bladder or fallopian tube, serous cavity

  Superficial Suppuration and Empyema 表面化脓和积脓

  Types of suppurative inflammation

  18张

  化脓性脑膜炎acute meningitis

  Superficial Suppuration 表面化脓性炎

  19张

  Superficial Suppuration 表面化脓性炎

  化脓性腹膜炎purulent peritonitis

  20张

  心包腔积脓 purulent exudate in pericardial cavity

  Empyema 积脓

  输卵管积脓pyosalpinx

  21张

  正文: Definition: wide-spread purulent inflammation in loose tissue Locus: skin, muscle and appendix Causes: hemolytic streptococci 溶血性链球菌:透明质酸酶,链激酶

  Phlegmonous inflammation 蜂窝织炎

  Types of suppurative inflammation

  疏松结缔组织的弥漫的化脓性炎

  22张

  Phlegmonous inflammation: in loose tissue

  Phlegmonous inflammation 蜂窝织炎

  23张

  acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎

  Phlegmonous inflammation 蜂窝织炎

  24张

  标题: Erysipelas(丹毒)

  正文: An acute disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by a species of hemolytic streptococcus and marked by localized inflammation and fever Also called: Saint Anthony's fire

  Types of suppurative inflammation

  丹毒是皮肤及其网状淋巴管的急性化脓性真皮炎。病原菌是A族乙型溶血性链球菌,好发于下肢和面部。其临床表现为起病急,局部出现界限清楚之片状红疹,颜色鲜红,并稍隆起,压之褪色。皮肤表面紧张炽热,迅速向四周蔓延,有烧灼样痛。伴高热畏寒等。

  25张

  Types of suppurative inflammation

  Abscess 脓肿

  Definition--Focal localized collections of purulent inflammatory tissues caused by suppuration buried in a tissue, an organ, or a confined space.

  Locus--skin, lung, brain, liver, kidney

  局限性化脓性炎症,其主要特征是组织发生溶解坏死,形成充满脓液的腔

  Causes— Staphylococcus aureus

  毒素→组织坏死→PMN浸润→PMN崩解释放蛋白水解酶→坏死组织液化 血浆凝固酶→纤维蛋白原转变为纤维素→病变局限 层粘连蛋白受体→迁徙性脓肿

  金黄色葡萄球菌

  26张

  Abscess 脓肿

  Liver abscess

  27张

  Renal abscess

  Abscess 脓肿

  28张

  Lung abscess

  29张

  Localized suppurative inflammation of haircyst, sebaceous gland & surrounding tissues.

  疖 Furuncle

  Fusion of quite a few furuncles.

  痈 Carbuncle:

  痈 Carbuncle

  疖 Furuncle

  30张

  正文: Inflammation associated with conspicuous haemorrhage as a result of vascular damage.

  Haemorrhage inflammation出血性炎

  炭疽性脑膜炎

  血管损伤重,大量红细胞漏出 流行性出血热(epidemic hemorrhagic fever) 钩端螺旋体病(leptospirosis) 鼠疫(plague) 炭疽(anthrax)

  31张

  损伤与抗损伤斗争结果既为炎症的结局: 抗损伤>损伤→炎症痊愈(大多数) 损伤>抗损伤→炎症蔓延扩散(极少数) 抗损伤=损伤→炎症迁延不愈,转为慢性(少数)

  痊愈 Healing 迁延为慢性 Delay and Persistence 蔓延扩散 Spreading

  局部蔓延 local 淋巴道蔓延 Lymphatic 血道蔓延 Blood vessels

  outcome of acute Inflammation

  32张

  Return to normal vascular permeability Removal of fluid and protein Macrophage pinocytosis Phagocytosis by neutrophils Necrotic debris by macrophages Eventual exodus by macrophages

  Events in the complete resolution of inflammation

  33张

  皮肤或粘膜深在的组织坏死脱落后所留下的组织缺损

  Local spreading

  溃疡Ulcer

  窦道Sinus

  瘘管Fistula

  深部脓肿一端穿破皮肤,另一端穿破自然管道或有腔脏器,在组织内形成两端相通的病理性管道

  深部脓肿如向体表或自然管道穿破,在组织内形成一个有盲端的病理性管道

  空洞cavity

  空腔脏器的组织坏死随自然管道排出体外后留下的腔洞

  炎症局部蔓延(local spreading)

  34张

  溃疡Ulcer

  炎症局部蔓延(local spreading)

  35张

  炎症局部蔓延(local spreading)

  肛门直肠周围脓肿伴窦道、瘘管形成

  Sinus and Fistula

  36张

  Local spreading

  Lymphatic spreading: 淋巴管炎lymphangitis, 淋巴结炎lymphnoditis

  Blood spreading

  正文: 菌血症 Bacteremia: organisms→ blood 毒血症 Toxemia: toxin→ blood 败血症 Septicemia: ①+② 脓毒败血症 Pyaemia: pyogenic organisms

  Course & outcome of Inflammation

  37张

  炎症血道蔓延的后果

  **栓塞性脓肿(迁徙性脓肿,转移性脓肿)——脓肿中央或毛细血管、小血管内有细菌菌落,由栓塞于毛细血管的化脓菌引起。

  38张

  肾栓塞性小脓肿

  血道蔓延--脓毒败血症 Pyaemia

  39张

  好转

  1.吸收消散 2.纤维化、纤维包裹或钙化

  恶化进展

  1.浸润进展 2.溶解播散 ①经血道→全身或肺粟粒性结核 ②经淋巴道→淋巴结结核 ③经自然管道

  Example---肺结核病的结局

  40张

  Lymphatic spreading: 淋巴管炎lymphangitis, 淋巴结炎lymphnoditis

  结核性淋巴结炎

  原发灶

  结核性淋巴管炎

  肺结核 原发综合征

  41张

  原发性肺结核扩散途径

  42张

  女,23岁,20天前鼻旁粉刺,后红肿,头部变黄,挤压后红肿,并扩大至面部,14天前开始发热(38.5℃),8天前因出现头痛,呕吐而入院。查体:神志尚清楚,嗜睡。体温39.2 ℃ ,P92次/分,血压10.6/13.6kpa, 皮肤粘膜多数小出血点,表浅淋巴结轻度肿大,脾左肋缘下2cm,救治无效死亡。

  1、病变诊断:14天前,8天前,死亡时 2 、尸检所见:脸、脾、肝、脑

  病 例 摘 要-1

  43张

  1、疖→痈→菌血症 (粉刺感染→疖,上唇周围和鼻部是 “危险三角区”,疖如被挤压或挑刺,炎症蔓延,经静脉入血→沿内眦静脉和眼静脉进入颅内,引起化脓性脑膜炎

  病理诊断:

  3、败血症

  2、化脓性脑膜炎

  皮下脓肿,化脓性脑膜炎 病原菌毒素可引起组织器官发生水肿、变性和坏死。 病菌引起的迁徙性脓肿可见于肺、肝、肾等 毛细血管损伤造成皮肤和粘膜淤点和皮疹。 单核—吞噬细胞增生活跃,肝、脾、淋巴结可肿大

  尸检所见:

  44张

  Chronic inflammation

  spread

  Blood vessel

  regional

  Lymphatic

  Acute inflammation

  healing

  Injury

  Course & outcome of Inflammation

  45张

  Section 3 chronic inflammation

  46张

  标题: Causes of chronic inflammation

  正文: supervening on acute 继发于急性炎症之后 due to repeated bouts of an acute 急性炎症反复发作 at beginning:

  persistent infection by intracellular microorganisms (tubercule bacilli-- Granulomatous inflammation ) Prolonged exposure to nondegradable but potentially toxic substances (silicosis in the lung) Immune reactions perpetuated against the individual’s own tissues (rheumatoid arthritis,SLE)

  47张

  Types of Chronic inflammation

  Non –specific chronic inflammation 一般慢性炎症 Chronic Granulomatous inflammation 慢性肉芽肿性炎症

  48张

  Pathologic features of general chronic inflammation

  Exudation: manifest of active inflammation Inflammatory cells: macrophage, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Alteration: Tissue destruction--mainly caused by inflammatory cells Proliferation: parenchymal cells, vessels and connective tissues

  Non-special chronic inflammation

  49张

  Non-special chronic inflammation

  Chronic bronchitis慢性支气管炎

  50张

  Here is chronic cervicitis .Appearance of more mononuclear cells. In this case the inflammation is severe enough to produce mucosal damage with hemorrhage.

  Non-special chronic inflammation

  51张

  炎性息肉—鼻息肉

  Chronic inflammation

  炎性息肉(inflammatory polyp) :由局部粘膜上皮、腺体及肉芽组织增生所致。常见于鼻、子宫颈、肠

  Polypoid lesion of mucosa result from Chronic inflammation composed of mucosal glands, granulation tissue, and inflammatory cells. Commonly seen in nasal, cervical & colorectal mucosa.

  52张

  Chronic inflammation

  炎性假瘤(inflammatory pseudotumor):炎性增生形成的肉眼和Ⅹ线观察上与肿瘤相似的团块。常见于眼眶、肺

  炎性假瘤

  Tumor-like proliferation of local tissues (parenchymal, stromal, even inflammatory cells) resulting from chronic inflammation It is not a real tumor Occur in the orbit, lung, liver and spleen

  53张

  标题: Chronic granulomatous inflammation 慢性肉芽肿性炎

  慢性肉芽肿性炎是以肉芽肿形成为特点的特殊慢性炎症。肉芽肿是由巨噬细胞及其衍生细胞局部增生构成的境界清楚的结节状病灶。

  A form of chronic inflammation is characterized by granulomas-small nodular collections of activated macrophages.

  Special type of chronic inflammation Distinctive pattern (granuloma) Aggregation of macrophages (derived cell) Diameter 0.5-2mm

  54张

  标题: causes of granulomas

  Infective granuloma

  Foreign body’s granuloma Agnogenic:

  Bacteria—结核,麻风 treponema螺旋体—梅毒 fungi 真菌 parasite寄生虫

  55张

  Two conditions :

  Conditions of granulomas formation

  Durable chronic stimulation 异物肉芽肿 2. Cellular immune response 结核

  56张

  Tuberculosis

  Caseous necrosis Epitheloid cells and Langhans giant cell Lymphocytes fibrosis

  Infective granuloma

  57张

  Infective granuloma

  Langhans giant cells and epitheloid cells

  58张

  正文: Features: foreign bodies Foreign body giant cells: seen in association with particulate insoluble material. Nuclei scattered throughout cytoplasm.

  Foreign body’s granuloma

  59张

  Here is a foreign body type giant cell at the upper left of center adjacent to a segment of vegetable material aspirated into the lung

  Foreign body’s granuloma

  60张

  Two foreign body giant cells are seen just to the right of center where there is a bluish strand of suture material from a previous operation

  Foreign body’s granuloma

  61张

  Two types of granulomas

  Infection granulomas

  Foreign body granulomas

  62张

  Causes and outcomes of acute and chronic inflammation

  63张

  病 例 摘 要-2

  女,59岁,无意中发现颈部肿块1天。 B超及CT检查显示左侧颈部实性包块,大小2x2cm,界限清楚。 考虑?(1)转移癌 ;( 2)恶性淋巴瘤 等。

  1、该患者有哪些疾病的可能? 2、各疾病特点,如何鉴别? 3、进一步确诊需做哪些检查?

  64张

  可能诊断:

  正文: 1.颈部淋巴结炎 2.淋巴结结核 3.转移癌 4.恶性淋巴瘤 5.甲状腺疾病

  1. 体格检查 2. 影像学检查 3. 实验室检查: PPD, 血清学检查(抗结核抗体、CA125和CEA等) 4. 针吸细胞学检查 5. 病理活检

  质地较硬,不易活动、固定者要考虑恶性的可能; 质地较软,有明显压痛并可活动者考虑为炎性 呈串珠样改变、质软、有肺结核史者考虑颈部淋巴结结核 随吞咽上下移动无明显疼痛者可能是甲状腺瘤 进行性无痛性增大的淋巴结恶性淋巴瘤的可能; 伴有鼻涕中带血及耳闷的病人要首先排除鼻咽癌的可能; 有声音嘶哑及痰中带血要检查喉部,排除喉癌的可能 伴胸痛、咳嗽者要警惕肺癌的可能

  65张

  医乃仁术 学海无涯

注意:本内容由网友上传,仅供学习交流使用,严禁临床等其它用途,否则后果自负。
邮箱
昵称
密码
确认密码
-->