欧洲黑死病【英文】.ppt

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　　The Black Death

　　1347 - 1351

　　Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

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　　The Culprits

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　　The Famine of 1315-1317

　　By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land they could cultivate. A population crisis developed. Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain. As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died. One consequence ofstarvation & povertywas susceptibility todisease.

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　　1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!

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　　The Symptoms

　　Bulbous

　　Septicemic Form:almost 100% mortality rate.

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　　From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411

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　　Lancing a Buboe

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　　The Disease Cycle

　　Flea drinks rat blood that carries thebacteria.

　　Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria.

　　Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut.

　　Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.

　　Human is infected!

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　　Medieval Art & the Plague

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　　Medieval Art & the Plague

　　Bring out your dead!

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　　Medieval Art & the Plague

　　An obsession with death.

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　　Boccaccio in The Decameron

　　The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.

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　　The Danse Macabre

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　　Attempts to Stop the Plague

　　A Doctor’s Robe

　　“Leeching”

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　　Attempts to Stop the Plague

　　Flagellanti:Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!

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　　Attempts to Stop the Plague

　　Pogroms against the Jews

　　“Jew” hat

　　“Golden Circle” obligatory badge

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　　Death Triumphant !:A Major Artistic Theme

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　　A Little Macabre Ditty

　　“A sickly season,” the merchant said,“The town I left was filled with dead,and everywhere these queer red fliescrawled upon the corpses’ eyes,eating them away.”“Fair make you sick,” the merchant said,“They crawled upon the wine and bread.Pale priests with oil and books,bulging eyes and crazy looks,dropping like the flies.”

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　　A Little Macabre Ditty (2)

　　“I had to laugh,” the merchant said,“The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled;“And proved through solemn disputation“The cause lay in some constellation.“Then they began to die.”“First they sneezed,” the merchant said,“And then they turned the brightest red,Begged for water, then fell back.With bulging eyes and face turned black,they waited for the flies.”

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　　A Little Macabre Ditty (3)

　　“I came away,” the merchant said,“You can’t do business with the dead.“So I’ve come here to ply my trade.“You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…”

　　And then he sneezed……….!

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　　The Mortality Rate

　　35% - 70%

　　25,000,000 dead !!!