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从“麻醉学”过渡到“麻醉与围术期医学”是麻醉学发展的应走之路.ppt

从“麻醉学”过渡到“麻醉与围术期医学”是麻醉学发展的应走之路.ppt
PPT课件名称:从“麻醉学”过渡到“麻醉与围术期医学”是麻醉学发展的应走之路.ppt 时 间:2022-11-16 i d:8337 大 小:61.06 KB 贡 献 者:123421619 格 式:.rar 点击下载
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从“麻醉学”过渡到“麻醉与围术期医学”是麻醉学发展的应走之路.ppt

  1张

  标题: 从“麻醉学”过渡到“麻醉与围术期医学”是麻醉学发展的应走之路

  副标题: xx医院 麻醉科 xxx

  2张

  标题: 一、对麻醉与围术期医学关系的朦胧感觉(1)

  正文: 作为麻醉科主任,要: 精于麻醉学理论和技术 善于处置危难重症 严于学术道德 敢于承担领导责任 勇于探索学科建设道路 融于医疗团队 淡于名利地位

  3张

  标题: 一、对麻醉与围术期医学关系的朦胧感觉(2)

  正文: 在麻醉实践中,经常感到麻醉质量的提高和控制不是靠简单的会议和决议,不是靠制定繁杂的制度所能解决。 麻醉医生对自身医疗责任意识的提高,对医疗过程的总结和反思,与手术医生和ICU医生的交流,都对麻醉质量的提高和改善有重要意义。 由此产生最起码的直觉,麻醉质量与围术期医疗密切相关,围术期医疗活动不能只停留在口头,作为科主任必须带头身体力行,督促检查。

  4张

  标题: 一、对麻醉与围术期医学关系的朦胧感觉(3)

  正文: 从今年7月起,我科强化了术前的访视和术后随访工作,术后随访情况由学生和进修生汇报改为住院总、住院医师亲自汇报,科主任抽查主治医师以上的术后汇报工作。术前特殊病情需向主任或值班主任汇报,及时与病房医生沟通。 通过以上活动对改善麻醉质量有一定促进作用。

  5张

  标题: 举例

  正文: 女,80,3428XX。左股骨颈骨折,入院三天后拟行全髋置换术,麻醉科看病人发现电介质异常,K 3.39mmol/L, Na 112 mmol/L, Cl 78.2 mmol/L, 停手术纠正,四天后基本正常,同意手术,术后恢复顺利。 男,76,3421XX。高血压病(180/100,高危)股骨颈骨折,上呼吸道感染,胸片双肺纹理增多,咳嗽,多痰,连续三天发烧,体温波动在37.7-38.0之间。骨科拟行全髋置换。麻醉科看病人后建议暂停手术,控制肺部感染,呼吸道症状缓解后手术。骨科最终采纳麻醉科意见,病人连续四天治疗后,硬膜外麻醉下手术,术后恢复顺利。

  6张

  标题: 举例

  正文: 男,56,3425XX。MED手术后腰腿疼痛,行动障碍。拟行椎弓根钉内固定、髓核摘除、椎间融合术。两月前行心脏支架手术,一直口服抗凝药阿斯匹林和另一抗凝药。双肺纹理增多,血小板5.4W,复查5.3W。凝血机能(PT,APTT)基本正常。支架手术后半年内非抢救性手术不宜施行,建议骨科慎重。手术停,病人自动出院。

  7张

  标题: 也有麻醉科保守的时候:

  正文: 男,28,3426XX。 胸腰椎骨折复合伤, 术前连续三天发烧>38, 发烧前3天 WBC170000,中性83%.术前一天物理降温,给予抗菌素。C-蛋白46,手术胸腰椎,股骨、胫腓骨、跟骨切开复位,同种异体骨植骨内固定。考虑到全身免疫反应增强实施植骨恐有影响,麻醉科建议停手术,速复查血常规,明确发烧性质治疗后手术。骨科急查血常规,WBC和中性正常,考虑为创伤后吸收热发烧,要求如期手术。麻醉科同意,术后随访恢复好。麻醉科也要考虑骨科意见。

  8张

  标题: 术前调控不当给麻醉带来风险

  正文: 外院急会诊麻醉。男,74岁,胃癌伴幽门梗阻,低 Na、Cl血症, 低蛋白血症(2.3g), 高血压、糖尿病(16mmol/L)、糖尿病性心脏病, 贫血(HB8.6g). 术前三天作了电介质纠正和输血,但血糖一直波动在13-18mmol/L,在全麻下行胃癌根治术。 手术历时6小时,失血1200ml±,术中血压波动,循环维持多方调整,控制容量,控制血糖,胰岛素用量达60u,血糖基本波动在12-15mmol/L。

  9张

  标题: 术前调控不当给麻醉带来风险

  正文: 术后40分清醒,拔管。呼吸平稳,镇痛治疗,输血至HB10g以上。 但血糖急剧反弹至18mmol/L,夜12点电话会诊,指导:1.容量,2.胰岛素治疗,3.补电介质,4.镇静 两天后血糖逐步控制,无其他并发症,10天顺利出院。 老年糖尿病人,一定要重视术前机体内环境调整,减少术后危险

  10张

  标题: 术后的随访对麻醉及疼痛治疗方案调整有利

  正文: 术后镇痛管理,效果评价,处方调整: -腔镜手术的术后镇痛(凯纷?凯纷+利多卡因?) -瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉的利弊(痛觉过敏的程度,治疗方案: 用法优化? 小剂量芬太尼? 凯纷? 凯纷+氯胺酮? 凯纷+利多卡因? 诺扬?

  11张

  正文: PONV与术中麻醉用药方案的关系,优选用药? -易感人群(儿童、妇女、非吸烟人群) -药物:吸入麻醉剂、阿片类药物、新斯的明、曲马多? -优化应用麻醉剂的效果:丙泊酚,地塞米松,5-HT blocker -上述药物和措施的实施时间?

  12张

  标题: 术后随访对防治麻醉并发症有利

  正文: 了解肺部并发症的发生率和关联因素 -麻醉方式,药物选用(肌松剂),输液量是否妥当? -呼吸功能锻炼,全身营养状况,术前脏器功能等 了解休克病人术后的治疗转归,麻醉过程与之的相关因素? 术前已存的加杂症对术后恢复的影响,修正术前准备 的观念和指征 -糖尿病,高血压,凝血机能异常,电介质状况等

  13张

  标题: 术后随访增加麻醉医生 参与围术期医疗活动机会

  正文: 与手术医生的交流,学习专科管理知识,展示麻醉医生对生命机能调控的才能 与ICU医生交流,学习ICU技术,了解危重病人的术后转归,修正麻醉处理方案

  14张

  标题: 二、 Raymond C. Roy教授使之理论系统化

  正文: 2007CSA年会上的Raymond C. Roy教授讲演是对之的很好总结和提高 提出了麻醉学未来20-30年发展的重要内容 每一个麻醉医生应该意识到麻醉医生不是简单的困守手术室实行被动医疗行为。主动、全面介入围术期及侵入性诊疗、疼痛治疗已是我们的责任 危重病治疗有发展成专科的趋势,麻醉医生更多关注的是参与、提高、共享。(本人观点)

  15张

  标题: Anesthesia practice in USA - 2 Types

  正文: “Limited” (majority) Pre-operative assessment immediately prior to surgery Operating room anesthesia Post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) “Expanded” (minority) American Board of Anesthesiology definition

  16张

  标题: 美国麻醉学会定义扩展性麻醉学实际含义与下列医疗行为相关,但不仅限制在这些领域(1):

  正文: Assessment of(评估), consultation for(咨询), and preparation of(准备), patients for anesthesia. Relief of pain during and following surgical, obstetric, therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Monitoring and maintenance of normal physiology during the peri-operative period. Management of critically ill patients Diagnosis and treatment of acute, chronic, and cancer related pain

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  17张

  标题: 美国麻醉学会定义扩展性麻醉学实际含义与下列医疗行为相关,但不仅限制在这些领域(2):

  正文: 6. Clinical management and teaching of cardiac and pulmonary resuscitation. 7. Evaluation of respiratory function and application of respiratory therapy. 8. Conduct of clinical and basic science research. 9. Supervision, teaching, and evaluation of performance of both medical and paramedical personnel involved in peri-operative care. (对医师和医辅人员进行围术期医疗的指导,教学和评估) Administrative involvement in health care facilities and organizations, and medical schools necessary to implement these responsibilities.

  10

  18张

  标题: HYPOTHESIS #1:

  正文: ANESTHESIOLOGIST “Limited” Practice “Expanded” Practice Operating Room Technician Peri-operative Physician Death of Specialty Growth of Specialty

  19张

  标题: PERI-OPERATIVE PERIOD Change definition: time-based → physiology-based

  正文: Time-based (current): Pre-operative evaluation Intra-operative care Post-operative care Altered physiology-based (proposed): Baseline physiology (± medical comorbidities) Altered physiology Surgical disease; stress of surgery, anesthesia, pain Return to baseline physiology

  20张

  标题: HYPOTHESIS #2:

  正文: Anesthesiologists should become the experts understanding and controlling the altered physiology associated with the peri-operative period 麻醉医生应该成为了解和控制围术期已改变了的生理状态的专家

  21张

  标题: 围术期医学为什么重要?(1)

  正文: 降低麻醉相关的围术期危险因素: Risk of surgical site infection increases with: Intra-operative hypothermia Peri-operative hyperglycemia Late antibiotic administration (Blood transfusion) (Oxygen content) -Mauermann WJ, Nemergut EC: The anesthesiologist’s role in the prevention of surgical site infection. Anesthesiology 2006; 105:413-21.

  22张

  标题: 围术期医学为什么重要?(2)

  正文: Postoperative pulmonary complications (atelectasis, pneumonia) increase when use longer-acting (pancuronium) versus shorter-acting (atracurium, vecuronium) neuromuscular blocking agents -Berg H, et al: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997; 41:1095-103

  23张

  标题: 围术期并发症的改善:区域麻醉/全麻

  正文: Outcomes: Controlled studies: regional = general Better peri-operative care and monitoring in controlled studies General practice: regional > general Poorer peri-operative care and monitoring in general practice Need to make general practice more like controlled studies! 提示要更加注意对围术期病情的调控

  24张

  标题: HYPOTHESIS #3:

  正文: If anesthesiologists become experts in controlling the altered physiology of the peri-operative period, If they contribute to a significant reduction in total peri-operative risk, Then anesthesiology will survive as a specialty, Then anesthesiology will grow as a specialty. 如果麻醉医师在控制围术期已改变的生理状况方面是专家,如果在减少围术期危险因素上做出更多努力,则麻醉学将作为一个专业,在此基础上可获得更大的发展。

  25张

  标题: 举例: ANESTHESIA-RELATED MEDICAL RISK (AM)

  正文: The risk of peri-operative myocardial infarction in vascular surgery patients decreases with: Pre-operative administration of statins Hindler K, et al: Anesthesiology 2006; 105:1260-72 Peri-operative administration of β-blockers Fleisher LA: Anesth Analg 2007; 104:1-3. Appropriate perioperative HR, BP, and intravascular volume control (Regional anesthesia/analgesia)

  26张

  标题: MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AFTER AAA SURGERY (≥ 3 RISK FACTORS) Kertai et al. Anesthesiology 2004; 100:4-7

  27张

  标题: PRACTICE MODELS “Estimated” % USA Anesthesiologists Time in Each

  28张

  标题: 若听任‘限制型’麻醉发展, 则可加速麻醉学专业的消亡

  正文: Standardization (下面的诊疗规范化后) ↑ minimally-invasive surgery (sedation > anesthesia) ↑ interventional cardiology/radiology & surgery ↑ sedatives and analgesics with better safety profiles Pharmacogenomics (patient-targeted drugs) Tele-/virtual (远程/视频)anesthesia – direction from control room Warner MA: Anesthesiology 2006;104:1094-11 Miller RD: ASA Task Force on Future Paradigms of anesthesia practice.

  29张

  标题: 教授提出: ANESTHESIA or PERI-OPERATIVE MEDICINE

  正文: “I propose peri-operative medicine and pain management as a term that is both unambiguous and describes the totality of what we do (or what we should do).” “我提出把围术期医学和疼痛治疗看作同一个含义,即这两者都清楚的表明了我们已做或应该做的全部内容。” Saidman L: The 33rd Rovenstine Lecture: what I have learned from 9 years and 9,000 papers. Anesthesiology 1995;83:191-7

  30张

  标题: 进一步过渡到: 围术期医学和疼痛治疗(麻醉医师名称消失?)

  正文: “We propose a series of time-dependent departmental name changes from anesthesiology to anesthesia and peri-operative medicine to peri-operative medicine and pain management.” “The rate of change will depend on when we can achieve a consensus definition for peri-operative medicine and how successful we are in our efforts to convince those outside the profession of the validity of this project.” Alpert CC, Conway JM, Roy RC: Anesthesia and peri-operative medicine: a department of anesthesiology changes its name. Anesthesiology 1996;84:712-5

  31张

  标题: 结局:TWO POSSIBLE FUTURES

  正文: ANESTHESIOLOGIST (MD) “Limited” Practice “Expanded” Practice Anesthetist (MD, CRNA, AA) Peri-operative Physician Operating Room Technician Health System Leader Death of Specialty Growth of Specialty

  32张

  标题:

  正文: 结局取决于我们的努力! 谢谢!

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